Unanimity Has Been Achieved,
Not a Dot Less for Its Accidentalness

Bob Kaufman (1925 – 1986)

Ragaone of several traditional Hindu
melodic and rhythmic patterns upon 
which improvised compositions are 
created. Each pattern is associated 
with a different religious devotion. of the drum, the drum the drum the drum the drum, theBob Kaufman never wrote down his
poetry. When this line is read aloud, 
does it have a musical or rhythmic
sound to it? 
	heartbeat Bob Kaufman never wrote down his
poetry. When this line is read aloud, 
does it have a musical or rhythmic
sound to it?
Raga of the hold, raga of the fold, raga of the root, raga of the crest 
	raga before coming, 
Raga of lip, raga of brass, raga of ultimate come with yesterday, raga 
	of a parchedto make completely or excessively dry tongue-walked lip, raga of yellow, raga of mellow, 
	raga of new, raga of old, raga of blue, raga of gold, raga of air 
	spinning into itself, 
I ring against slate and shell and wood and stone and leaf and boneWhat variety of sounds would these
different materials make?
And towered holes and floors and eyes--against lone isHow do these lines reflect Kaufman's 
retreat from society? lornforlorn & rock & How do these lines reflect Kaufman's 
retreat from society?
	dust & flattened ball & solitudes of air & breath & hair & skin fedHow do these lines reflect Kaufman's 
retreat from society?
	halves & wholes & bulls & calves & mad & soul & new & old & How do these lines reflect Kaufman's 
retreat from society?
	silence & saves & fall wall & water falling & fling my eye to sky & How do these lines reflect Kaufman's 
retreat from society?
	tingle & tangle.How do these lines reflect Kaufman's 
retreat from society?
I sing a mad raga, I sing a mad raga, a glad raga for the ringing bell I 
	sing. 
A man fishing with old clothes line, shouting bass drum 
Sometimes in How is this description similar to Kaufman's
poetry?extravagantexceeding normal lengths, boundaries,
or reason moments of shock of unrehearsedHow is this description similar to Kaufman's
poetry? 
	curiosity,How is this description similar
to Kaufman's poetry? I crawl outside myself, sneaking out through the eyes,
	one blasébored with life; unimpressed or
	uninterested in the world, one surprised, until I begin to feel my own
	strangeness; shyly I give up the ghost and go back in until next 
	time. 
I can remember four times when I was not crying & once when I was 
	not laughing.  
I am kneaded by a million black fingers & nothing about me 
	improves. 
Gothica member of the Goth tribe, a group
associated with barbarianism brain surgeons, weeping over the remains of destroyed loveHow might these lines reveal Kaufman's
perspective on institutionalizations
in mental hospitals?
	machines.How might these lines reveal Kaufman's
perspective on institutionalizations
in mental hospitals?
Diggers, corkscrewing cleanly in,How might these lines reveal Kaufman's
perspective on institutionalizations
in mental hospitals? exhilerausteda word created by combining
the words exhilarated and exhausted , into the mind mine,How might these lines reveal Kaufman's
perspective on institutionalizations
in mental hospitals?
	impaledto pierce with a sharp object, such as a stake on edgeless shafts of subtle reminiscence, green-How might these lines reveal Kaufman's
perspective on institutionalizations
in mental hospitals?
	walking across the belts and ties.How might these lines reveal Kaufman's
perspective on institutionalizations
in mental hospitals? 
Slanted dark-walked time, wet with ages of dryness, 
Raga of insignificance & blessed hopelessness. 
Raga of sadness, of madness, of green screamed dreams, mile-deep 
	eyes. 
The greatest men have gone unknown: BuddhaIndian religious leader and founder
of Buddhism was the twenty-
	fourth. 
A beggar is the body of a God-ness, come to shoot movies with hisWhat issue of social injustice is Kaufman
addressing here?
	eye,What issue of social injustice is Kaufman
addressing here?
Movies of people who do not beg, ragged, broke eagles, hummed into What issue of social injustice is Kaufman
addressing here?
	the wheels turning, some in, others out, rarely ever in or out, or What issue of social injustice is Kaufman
addressing here?
	vice versa, half open.What issue of social injustice is Kaufman
addressing here?
A string begins where a man ends a string, a man begins where a The bebop style of jazz music often
incorporates words or nonsense
syllables, using sounds to emphasize
the thought being expressed. What
aspects of this line are reminiscent
of bebop?
	string ends. A man The bebop style of jazz music often
incorporates words or nonsense
syllables, using sounds to emphasize
the thought being expressed. What
aspects of this line are reminiscent
of bebop?bereftdeprived of or parted from  of a string falls all walls, becomes a The bebop style of jazz music often
incorporates words or nonsense
syllables, using sounds to emphasize
the thought being expressed. What
aspects of this line are reminiscent
of bebop?
	screamed baby, raved.The bebop style of jazz music often
incorporates words or nonsense
syllables, using sounds to emphasize
the thought being expressed. What
aspects of this line are reminiscent
of bebop? 
a classical Indian painting of musicians performing raga music Chavand Ragmala Dipak-raga, by Nisardin

"I sing a mad raga, I sing a mad raga, a glad raga for the ringing bell I sing."

	"Unanimity Has Been Achieved"
		By Robert Kaufman, from THE ANCIENT RAIN: POEMS 1956-1978,
		copyright ©1981 by Bob Kaufman. Reprinted by permission of New
		Directions Publishing Corp.

To the Oracle at Delphi

Lawrence Ferlinghetti (born 1919)

a painting of an oracle in a red cloak, breathing the mystic vapors of the temple

"Great Oracle, why are you staring at me…?"

Great Oraclethe medium, or person, through which a god answered human questions; the Delphic Oracle was known for giving particularly ambiguous responses, why are you staring at me,
do I baffle you, do I make you despair?
I, Americusthe Latin variation on Amerigo, the first name of Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian explorer who is credited with the European discovery of America, the American,
wroughtcreated or shaped from the dark in my mother long ago,
from the dark of ancient Europaa Phoenician princess who, according to Greek mythology, was abducted by Zeus while in the form of a bull--
Why are you staring at me now
in the dusk of our civilization--Why might Ferlinghetti believe this is the "dusk" of American civilization?

Why are you staring at me
as if I were America itself
the new Empire
vaster than any in ancient days
with its electronic highways
carrying its corporate What examples of "corporate monoculture" can you think of?
monoculturethe cultivation of a single crop on land that is viable for multiple crops
around the world
And English the Latin of our days--

Great Oracle, sleeping through the centuries,
Awaken now at last
And tell us how to save us from ourselves
and how to survive our own rulers
who would make a plutocracya governmental system in which the wealthy are in power of our democracy
in the Great Dividethe continental divide of North America, the point at which all water to the east of the divide ultimately flows into the Atlantic Ocean and all water to the west flows into the Pacific Ocean
between the rich and the poor
in whom Walt Whitman heard America singing

O long-silent Sybilanother name for a Greek oracle, based off the name of the first oracle, Sibylla,
you of the winged dreams,
Speak out from your temple of light
as the serious constellations
with Greek names
still stare down on usGreece is considered the origin of civilization of today. How does that affect the meaning of these lines?

as a lighthouse moves its megaphone
over the sea
Speak out and shine upon us
the sea-light of Greece
the diamond light of Greece

Far-seeing Sybil, forever hidden,
Come out of your cave at last
And speak to us in the poet's voice
the voice of the fourth person singularIf Ferlinghetti is writing of American civilization and society as a whole, how might "fourth person singular" be interpreted?
the voice of the inscrutable future
the voice of the people mixed
with a wild soft laughter--
And give us new dreams to dream,
Give us new myths to live by!

"To the Oracle at Delphi"
	By Lawrence Ferlinghetti, from HOW TO PAINT SUNLIGHT, copyright ©2001
	by Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Reprinted by permission of New Directions
	Publishing Corp.